What is the mechanism of action for Glyphosate (Roundup)?

Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, functions specifically by inhibiting enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway. This pathway is essential for the biosynthesis of certain amino acids (such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) in plants and some microorganisms. By blocking EPSPS, glyphosate effectively disrupts the synthesis of these amino acids, leading to plant death.

This mechanism is particularly effective because the shikimic acid pathway is not present in animals. Therefore, glyphosate selectively targets plants and some bacteria, making it a widely used herbicide for controlling unwanted vegetation without harming animals or humans. The ability of glyphosate to disrupt this specific biochemical process is what makes it a highly effective herbicide in agriculture.